今年年初,潘儒達牧師主日講道提到《讀經的藝術:瞭解聖經指南How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth》,引起我求一萍師母。她即借書郵來,並附親筆信。聖靈提醒吾師誠懇勉勵之心,不敢懈怠,日讀5頁隨筆摘記,仍感虧欠,故寫此評,銘感作者及譯者、我們的牧師教師,願有心讀者發掘聖經珍貴的全部價值。
這本少見暢銷解經書,已發行40多年。所評聖經導讀:解經原則(第三版,1981)(簡體),及原著 How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth(4th Edition,2013)。它概述聖經各書卷的主要文體類型,並闡述不同類型的解經原則及應用。比如詩不同於散文,比喻不同於歷史。即使同為福音書,對同一事件如了解不同敘述,如何了解更得當。每章都提供實例分析,幫助讀者切實學會解讀聖經。附錄《註釋書的評估與使用》有助得到相應書卷的主要註釋書。筆者願將這少有的佳作薦與讀者。一讀就因其實用價值,購來原著(第四版,2013)對照讀340頁,摘錄50頁。開始欣賞新法研讀,更深入去明白神的話,更多享受神的話中的愛,更認識主,來敬拜服事愛我們的主和主所愛的人。
—Reflecting “How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth”
Anna Zhou
It originated from the Sunday Sermon of January 9, 2023. Rev. Juta Panmentioned the Bible study reference: How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth by G. D. Fee and D Stewart (“How to”). His sermon provoked me to ask Mrs. Irene Chang for help. She borrowed the book from the church library and mailed it with a hand-written letter. The Spirit’s reminder of my teacher’s encouragement in sincerity had been with me every so often, so I would not dare to be lazy. I read about 5 pages per day with notes after my daily Quiet Time. As I finished its 300+ pages, yet still felt in debt. Thus, I have decided to write this short review to express thanks to its authors and translator, our pastor and teacher, wishing to share the book with readers for them to discover the treasure, seeking the scripture for all its worth.
The book “How to” was authored by Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stewart. Both are well-known senior Bible scholars, professors and pastors. Gordon D. Fee New Testament Professor of Regent College, Canada. His publications: Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students; New Testament A Handbook for Students and Pastors; Chief Editor: New International Commentary On the New Testament; Paul’s Letter to the Philippians (NICNT);1 and 2 Timothy, Titus (NIBC).
Co-author: Douglas Stewart, Old Testament Professor of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. His publications: Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students, Hosea-Jonah Word Biblical Commentary, Word Biblical Themes Hosea-Jonah, Ezekiel. Communicator’s Commentary, A Guide to Selecting and Using Bible Commentaries.
Overview:
The two authors wrote two widely accepted Bible manuals “New Testament Exegesis” and “Old Testament Exegesis published by Westminster Press”. They co-authored this book and it should be regarded as the most valuable reference for Bible study. Two translators Wei and Rao are fluent writers. The former was once the author’s student majoring in New Testament study, so would be the choice of the translator. Among numerous published Bible literature, one could hardly find some good ones authored by serious Bible scholars like them.
The authors intended the book “How to” to feature four aspects:
As one may note from a glance at the table of contents, the basic concern of this book is the understanding of different types of the literature (genre) that make up the Bible. It is to help the readers read and study the Psalms as poems, and the Epistles as letters.
They have repeatedly given guidelines for studying each type (genre) of Scripture. They are equally concerned with the intelligent reading of the Scripture to help the readers appreciate these differences so that they can aid intelligently and profitably the non-narrative parts of the Bible.
Each chapter gives examples for analysis on the tough points, according to respective literature types. The two professors are believers, who think we should obey the biblical texts and have great desire to understand as carefully and as fully as possible what it is that we are to know about God and his will in the 21st century.
The great urgency that gave birth to this book is hermeneutics; they wrote especially to help believers wrestle with questions of applications. Many of the urgent problems in the church today are basically struggles with bridging the hermeneutical gap with moving from “then and there” of the original text to the “here and now of our own life settings”.
The content of this book contain three parts:
The authors intended to provide students with basic concepts and knowledge of hermeneutics with necessary and basic skill sets to interpret the Bible, with introduction and comparison of different translation versions. These are the contents of the first two chapters.
They used the next ten chapters, Ch. 3 to 10, to discuss individual literature types of the scripture. Based on their respective expertise, Gordon Fee wrote the Chapters 1-4, 6-8, and 13. Douglas Stewart the Chapters 5, 9-12.
They thought the secret is to raise the correct questions, according to each literature type, paying attention to the principles, suggestions and helping points, provided by the authors in individual chapters.
For their encouragement to students, they quoted the words of the child that moved Augustine to read a passage from Romans at his conversion experience, they say, “Tolle, lege”, i.e “Take up and read.” The Bible is God’s eternal living Word. Read it, understand it, and obey it.
Its content structure contains three parts:
Part I. Introduction: Explain the importance of the exegesis and the hermeneutics. And, generally introduce some key concepts. These two chapters are preparing basic concepts and essential tool boxes.
Ch.1. Introduction: The Need to Interpret the Scripture Ch. 2. The Basic Tool: A Good Translation
Part II. On Choosing A Translation: Discussions to help students choose a translation, and the authors gave their suggestion that the current NIV (2011), a committee translation by the best scholarship in the evangelical tradition is as good a translation as you can get. Reflected in the third preface, they felt other chapters needed some overhaul as well. This reflected their own growth and what they perceived to be a change in the climate and makeup of the readership over the past two decades. They were humbled about their background where poor interpretation of Scripture was unfortunately a frequent phenomenon. That caused them in some chapters to lean heavily toward how NOT to read certain genres. Their sense is that many of today’s readership know less about these poor ways of “doing Bible”, in part because we are also going through a period where we find a frighteningly large number of people who, by and large, are biblically illiterate. So in some chapters , they changed decidedly toward how to read well, with less emphasis on the ways texts were abused in the past.
Part III. Introduction: The Principles of Interpreting the Scripture, according to its Literature Type. In Part III much time was spent to take study notes of individual scripture examples, needed in detail, in the past several months. Briefly, it divided in 10 sections:
The Epistles (Ch.3,4): Learning to Think Contextually;The Hermeneutical Questions
The Old Testament Narratives: Their Proper Use
Acts (Ch.6) : The Question of Historical Precedent
The Gospels (Ch.7): A Story Many Dimensions
The Parables (Ch.8): Do you Get the Point
The Laws (Ch.9): Covenant Stipulations for Israel
The Prophets (Ch.10): Enforcing the Covenant in Israel
Psalms (Ch.11): Israel’s Prayer and Ours
Wisdom (Ch.12): Then and Now
Revelation (Ch.13): Images of Judgment and Hope
Appendix: The Evaluation and Use of Commentaries
Scripture Index and Names Index
Summary:
This book “How to” the Bible reading guide is among the best sellers for over four decades. It outlines different types of literature. It explained individual type’s interpreting principles and applications. Poetry reading differs from prose. Even reading the Book of Gospel, how we should properly understand the same story in some different narrative. Each chapter provided a real example’s analysis, to help readers to really learn how to interpret the Scripture, Appendix: The Evaluation and Use of Commentaries helps to get the important reference for each Bible volume. I am eager to recommend this outstanding book to readers. Once I read the first few pages, I ordered its original English version, the 4th edition published in 2013. The 4th edition has sold out nearly a million copies since. I completed reading it with 50-page notes in a few months. I really enjoy studying the Bible with new ways to go deeper in understanding God’s Word in love, for knowing Him better to worship and serve our Lord and His beloved.
As a serious reader and practitioner, I felt that the book explains difficult points somewhat insufficiently but rather significantly. Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon-these books may not be used as gospel doctrine, as the scripture abuse was mentioned in the 3rd preface. I realized that the authors had sensed that and but not yet got the chance to elaborate, considering his senior age with extremely heavy responsibilities.
Finally, please allow me to end this book review with Gordon Fee’s writing. As a New Testament scholar on fire, he believed Scripture was an encounter with God. He wrote, “We bring our exegesis to fruition when we ourselves sit with unspeakable wonder in the presence of God, we must hear the words with our hearts, we must bask in God’s own glory, we must be moved to a sense of overwhelming awe at God’s riches in glory, we must think again on the incredible wonder that these riches are ours in Christ Jesus, and we must then worship the living God by singing praises to His glory.”
Reader Response: “How to Read the Bible” Is An Excellent Bible Reading Companion (Lance Pan)
“How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth” impacted my understanding of the Bible beyond description. For example, in Chapter 9 the authors offer a 12-point summary of the dos and don’ts when Christians seek to understand the Old Testament law. These practical principles help us ward off legalism stemming from erroneous applications of Scriptures, and let us realize that through the Holy Spirit we are adopted to sonship in God’s family, and not as slaves living in fear (Romans 8:15).
I agree with the reviewer’s views on Bible translations and the book’s editions. The first edition of the book was published in 1981, republished in 1993, the third in 2003, and fourth in 2014. 讀經的藝術, published by CES in 1999, was based on the second edition. In 2011, Shanghai People’s Publishing House published an updated translation titled 聖經導讀:解經原則 based on the third edition and adding a third translator, Wang Ailing, after the two translators Wei Qiyuan and Rao Xiaozhen. The preface to the fourth edition (English) states that in just over 10 years from 2003 to 2014, in addition to an updated bibliography, it incorporated the new International Version 2011 English Translation of the Bible. The authors stress their preference for reading the Bible like any other book, which is to ignore chapter and verse references and read through a whole book in one setting. As a member of the translation committee for NIV, Professor Fee incorporated some of the principles from How to Read the Bible in his translation process.
I find it appropriate to refer to the book as a “Bible Reading Guide” or a “Bible Reading Companion.” Biblical Interpretation of Biblical Exegesis sounds out of reach for ordinary readers. Although in a broad sense it is closer to the realm of hermeneutics (what the text means to the contemporary reader) rather than exegesis (the text’s original meaning), calling it a work of hermeneutics may also create an impression that it is a tool only for theologians and preachers, not lay believers. Since its greatest contribution lies in its plain language explanations of hard-to-understand concepts, calling it a reading guide or companion seems to be more in line with the authors’ original intent.
A complete course material on “How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth” is available online. Many churches use it as a Sunday school textbook in introductory Bible teaching classes. May the Lord use it to equip CBCGB members, so that we may understand how God conveys His unchanging message of truth and love to the changing world.
Many children are familiar with the story about the twelve leaders who spied out the promised land of Canaan. In the story, Joshua and Caleb are standout examples of people who trusted and had faith in God. However, how many of us can name one of the other spies? Despite this, we can still learn from their examples.
Over-planning for Nature Walks
Many people enjoy nature walks. However, I am a risk-averse indoor person. Before an outdoor walk, I tend to over-plan and over-prepare. I would map out the route, estimate the time needed, check the weather, wear suitable clothing, and bring several supplies (water, maybe some food, a small first aid kit). Because I hate mosquitoes, I would also bring plenty of bug repellent. After lots of planning and packing, I would finally feel ready for the great outdoors. My ultimate focus is to avoid mishaps and return home safe and sound. My planning is often successful so my wife calls me the family’s safety officer.
Years ago, I went on a short walk with a nature expert. As we walked, he pointed out evidence of all kinds of wildlife living in the woods among us. He listened to the bird calls and told me what kind of birds they were. He found egg shells and knew that nests were nearby. He knew what kind of nests these birds built and knew what to look for. He quickly spotted a nest hidden in a tree and pointed it out to me. I looked up to where he was pointing but I failed to see it because I did not know what it looked like.
He also pointed out paw prints, nests, dens, bones, egg shells, feathers, and much much more. Things that I never noticed before because I’m usually preoccupied with the mosquitos flying around me.
I would like to challenge us to apply the same metaphor to our spiritual journey. Are you more like me who tend to over-plan and over-prepare so that you would not have to deal with the dangers and obstacles you may face? Or, are you more like my nature expert friend, who can look past the mosquitoes and enjoy the amazing wildlife usually hidden from us?
God’s Fellowship in Our Spiritual Journey
In our lives, we face many spiritual obstacles and dangers. Some are minor while some are monumental. But God desires for us to not focus on these obstacles and distractions. Our spiritual journey is to enjoy the fellowship we have with our Creator, to see His handiwork, and to sing His praises as we take part in His good plans. God wants us to trust Him to take care of us throughout our journey.
Why God Sent Spies to Canaan
In Numbers 13:1-2, God promised to give the Israelites the good land of Canaan. It was God’s idea to send leaders from each tribe to spy out the land. God could have just led the people into the promised land and cleared out its inhabitants by Himself. Or, God could have made the inhabitants weak and feeble. God is more than capable of doing that. However, He chose not to do it that way. Why did God choose to send leaders to spy out the promised land? What did He want them to see?
In Numbers 13:17-20, Moses instructed the leaders to spy out the land and to give a report. They spent 40 days throughout Canaan to make a full assessment of the land. They assessed the quality of the soil, the formation of the land, the strength of the defenses, the structure of their society, the number of the inhabitants and their physical attributes. Imagine hiring twelve consultants with expertise in geology, botany, agriculture, sociology, security, military strategy and more for a period of 40 days. What a huge undertaking that would be. God does not want us to just submit and follow Him blindly. He gives each of us different experiences, skills, talents, and abilities. He wants us to use them for His purposes. God wants us to fulfill His plans with Him.
God sent these spies because these were leaders who held positions of respect and influence. They were public figures. These were not people who would just blindly follow others. God desires from all of us faith and trust in Him amidst our fears and doubts. Despite being leaders, God desired the same from the spies. By sending the spies out, and letting them see the overwhelming odds against them, God provided the Israelites an opportunity to witness His power in full display when He gives them the land.
Failing to See God’s Handiwork
Faith in God does not require us to put aside our intelligence, our talents, or our abilities. In fact, God designed each of us to be the person we are for His good purposes. We often overlook God in our lives because we fail to recognize His handiwork all around us. God is constantly working in our professional or academic life, our home and family life, our finances, our relationships, and even our recreation and vacations. When we fail to see how God is actively working around us, we minimize God while exaggerating our own significance. It’s easy to fall into thinking in terms of “me or God” instead of “God and me”.
In Numbers 13:31-33, the spies reported back. Indeed, Canaan was a good land as God had promised. However, they focused on their own inabilities. Ten out of twelve leaders omitted God from their assessment. Thus they totally missed out on the opportunity to see how God was going to give them the land.
Often, I am in awe when I hear testimonies of God performing miracles in the lives of others. However, I seldom expect similar miracles in my own life. Like winning the lottery, winning only happens to other people. People would tell me, “you can’t win if you don’t play.” I would like to say the same about God’s miracles. “You can’t expect to experience God’s miracles if you don’t pray.”
I would contend that the problem with the ten spies existed before their 40 days in Canaan. The ten spies failed to see God working in their everyday lives. They did not know God well enough to recognize His handiwork. Like me missing out on the wonders of the wildlife on my nature walks, these ten spies were not accustomed to seeing the wonder of God working among them in the common and mundane parts of their daily lives. Despite surviving ten plagues, led by pillars of smoke and fire, and crossing the Red Sea, the ten spies were unable to see God working up close and personal.
Who is God to you?
Many people only see God as a superhero who would swoop in when there is danger to save the day at the very last moment. However, in the absence of danger, we go about our lives without the need for a superhero. We can handle the daily stuff by ourselves. Only when trouble arises, we will send out the signal for help by falling to our knees and praying for help.
God is not a superhero but a loving Father. He cares about every aspect of our lives. He is involved with every aspect of our lives whether we can recognize it or not. Our loving Heavenly Father lives with us. He guides, teaches, protects, provides, comforts, disciplines, and so much more.
Who is God to you? Is He a superhero or is He a loving Father? Do you only seek God in the midst of danger and trouble or do you also seek God in the mundane daily activities of your life? Do you only praise God for the big answered prayers? Or do you also praise God for providing all the small things that you didn’t even bother praying for?
Depending on God
God does not want us to worship Him from afar like a superhero. He wants a personal relationship with us. He calls us His children.
As parents, many of us dream for our children to become independent, self-sufficient, and successful. We teach them to stand on their own two feet and be contributing members of society. We look forward to the empty nest stage of life when our children start their own homes and can provide for their own needs.
However, the desire of our Heavenly Father for us is opposite of our desire for our children. Our Heavenly Father desires us to return home to Him and learn to become more and more dependent on Him.
The ten spies failed because they did not learn to depend on God. They trusted only their own abilities. They could not see what was possible with God. Therefore, they rejected their promised home and instead wanted to go back to their former lives in Egypt.
Dwelling in Fear vs Responding in Faith
In Numbers 14:1-4, the faithlessness of the ten spies quickly spread among the people. They feared the giants and they doubted their own abilities. They also doubted God’s promise and His power. They wanted to turn back to the bitter days of crying and weeping in slavery in Egypt instead of going forward the land of milk and honey. Their lack of faith and trust in God prevented them from drawing closer to a loving Father and receiving His protection and His good gifts.
In Numbers 14:5-9, only Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and Caleb responded with faith and trust in God. But in verse 10, rebellion had already set in and the people were ready to stone their God appointed leaders.
In the midst of danger, fear and doubt are natural responses. They are survival instincts that help us live another day. Fear and doubt have their purposes. Without fear and doubt, faith and trust would be unnecessary. However, when seeking God, we need to respond supernaturally with faith and trust in Him despite having fear and doubt. This is not the same as simple wishful thinking. Our faith and trust in God has to be based on knowing who He is, what He can do, and what He has done. It has to be consistent with God’s character and His promises.
Fear and doubt is a natural response. It doesn’t take much for them to quickly spread among people like throwing a lit match into dry brush. A small flame can easily consume the dry brush and quickly spread to become an uncontrolled wildfire. The lesson here is that we must all be very careful with how we handle our own personal fears and doubts. Extreme caution must be exercised.
When we share our fears and doubts with others, are we seeking perspective and encouragement? Or are we seeking validation and affirmation of those fears and doubts? Do we want others to share our fears and doubts? Similar to how we should guard against gossip and slander, we need to be very careful when sharing with others. The spread of fear and doubt by the ten spies should be a warning for us.
On the other hand, faith and trust in God is not a natural response. Faith and trust needs to be intentional, practiced, encouraged, and nurtured. Faith and trust is like starting a controlled burn with the purpose to clear potential hazardous fuel for wildfires, to encourage new growth, and to promote the overall health of the existing forest. So when faced with the flames of adversity, do we allow it to burn out of control like a wildfire? Or do we allow God to use it to clear away dead brush so that our faith might grow stronger and healthier?
In Numbers 14:17-19, we are fortunately reminded that God is slow to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sins. When our fears and doubts overcome our faith and trust in God, we need to repent and seek forgiveness. Unfortunately, we are also reminded that God is just and holy who does not leave the guilty unpunished. In these two chapters in Numbers, the consequence to the faithlessness of the Israelites is 40 years of wilderness wandering.
Examining Our Lives and Our Church
We need to examine our own lives and the life of our church. What do you see? The good and the bad – are they just random events? Is this just how life happens? What’s your focus? On your spiritual walk, are you distracted and worried about the giant spiritual mosquitoes buzzing around? Or are you able to see beyond that and be amazed by the wonders of God’s handiwork? Can you see daily evidence of His love and care for us?
Our Heart Attitude Matters
Our responses, actions or inactions do matter but even more importantly the attitudes of our hearts. They matter because this is what our Heavenly Father sees and cares about. It is hard to correlate between the causes and effects of our responses. God and His plans are much bigger than our limited understanding. His timing is His own. Our lives are intertwined with each other. Our lack of understanding does not mean that God is not in control of the big things as well as the small things in our lives. He cares and He lives among His people. We are His family and our Almighty God is not a superhero nor is He an absent father.
Tony Ng is the Director of Children’s Ministries at CBCGB. This article is based on Tony’s sermon at CBCGB on July 23, 2023.