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超越文士和法利賽人的義

⸺天國子民的倫理實踐

潘儒達牧師

我們所在的是一個信息量極大的社會。從電視、收音機到海量信息的網路,信息愈多,我們卻愈不知道真假,因此需要有判斷的智慧。箴言9章10節告訴我們,判斷的智慧來自神。

評估一個人所傳達信息的真假和價值時,需要看他的言行是否一致⸺聽其言也要觀其行,而且需要有分辨的智慧。在讀馬太福音5章和6章時,我們一不小心就會陷入一種困惑,那就是:耶穌基督是不是也言行不一致呢?

光和鹽天國子民的使命

馬太福音中,登山寶訓中的八福揭示出:天國是為所有人預備的⸺只要渴望尋求進入天國、相信而接受耶穌的救恩就可以進入了。同時,天國的子民要渴望並且經歷生命的更新,才能有名實相符的生命狀況;更重要的,是能在這個黑暗的世界發揮光和鹽的功效,見證神的真理和恩典。

天國子民應該追求新生命,這是神對我們的心意,和基督救恩的目的;同時也是為了讓我們在世上實踐神的使命。5章13、14節中,主耶穌說:你們是世上的光和鹽。光要照亮黑暗的世界,鹽要使菜美味可口;天國子民不是自我封閉與世隔絕的,而是要進入世界中帶來影響力。耶穌不是說你要“作光作鹽”,而是說你“是光是鹽”。進入天國後,我們靠神的恩典已經具有光和鹽的特質了。可是我們是否是失去味道的鹽,或者是斗底下的光?

發揮光和鹽的作用,是耶穌在完成了十字架的救恩、從死裡復活向門徒顯現,差派給門徒的使命,好像父差遣耶穌一樣(約20:21)。耶穌給世界帶來恩典和真理(約1:14);每一個神的兒女在世上的責任也是發輝光和鹽的作用,帶給世界恩典和真理。我們如何能發揮光和鹽的功效呢?靠的是生命的見證。從出埃及記19至21章來看,以色列人也是如此⸺在與以色列人立約後,神馬上頒佈律法;當以色列人真正遵行律法時,他們才能向萬國見證神。成為天國的子民後,我們應有的生命見證表現是甚麼?

成全律法的宣告

在馬太福音登山寶訓中,耶穌基督宣告:“莫想我來要廢掉律法和先知。我來不是要廢掉,乃是要成全。 ”(太5:17)在猶太人的傳統中,律法和先知代表了舊約聖經。這一句話可以解讀為,全本舊約聖經是在預備耶穌基督的來到。祂是天國的君王,向人類啟示神是怎樣的一位;又死在十架上,為我們預備了救恩;祂的工作正是成全舊約中對基督⸺也就是彌賽亞的預言。除了從救恩的角度來詮釋這一節之外,我們也可以從倫理的角度來詮釋耶穌在17到19節中對律法的宣告。耶穌強調神在舊約中所頒佈的律法⸺特別是倫理的條例⸺一點也不能廢去;而且祂來的目的就是要成全舊約所宣示的律法。

然而我們在福音書中看到,耶穌在12章違反舊約的安息日條例,又在安息日治病。15章,耶穌的門徒在吃飯前沒有按照舊約律法條例洗手;祂沒有責備門徒,還向法利賽人還擊。另外,舊約律法說,不能摸大痲瘋病人,因爲摸了就不潔淨了。可是當大麻瘋患者來求耶穌醫治,耶穌不但醫治他,而且毫無顧忌地摸他。一個宣告來成全律法、宣告律法一點一劃都不能廢去的人,為甚麼不斷地違反律法的條例呢?耶穌是言行不一致,如當今時代的政治人物嗎?或者在這個表象背後有甚麼深意呢?我們需要更深入地了解神透過摩西所頒佈律法的內涵(出埃及記19章)。

舊約律法的本質

出埃及記講到,神呼召摩西帶領以色列人出埃及;之後,摩西帶領以色列人在西乃山和神立約⸺神是以色列人的神和王,以色列人是神的子民;神給予以色列人的使命是在萬國萬民中成為神的見證,使萬民因此而蒙福。為了成為名實相符的神國子民,為了使萬國蒙福,以色列人必需活出合神心意的生命。因此,立約後神透過摩西頒佈律法,以色列人要順服神並遵行律法。律法是神和人立約的條款,但是完全遵守律法不是人和神立約、或人得救的條件。律法是人蒙神拯救、和神立約後,在承擔向萬國作見證的使命時應遵守的準則。聖經有很長的篇幅記載律法的內容。我們試著化繁為簡,將律法的內涵作一個簡單的分析,從這裡來反觀耶穌的行為,進一步地看我們今天生活應有的準則。

整個律法的根本精神是愛。愛和真理不相衝突,也不和公義衝突。華人神學家、倫理學者羅秉祥在他的《黑白分明⸺基督教倫理縱橫談》中,有一章特別講到愛和公義不相衝突,反而是相輔相成的。愛是舊約律法的根本精神,具體的兩個面向是愛神和愛人。所以福音書(可12:30,太22:37)中,在面對文士質問律法中最要緊的條例是甚麼的時候,耶穌的回答是“盡心、盡性、盡意、盡力愛主你的神;愛人和鄰舍如自己。’事實上這個回答來自於舊約聖經的申命記6章4至5節。愛神和愛人是律法的兩個基本要點,而且它們彼此有密切的關聯。愛神是愛人的基礎,愛人是愛神的具體實踐。這兩個面向的延伸就是十條誡命(出20)。在十條誡命中,前4條是愛神,後6條是愛人。從最基本的本質與精神,發展為律法的原則。

舊約律法的實踐

出埃及記21章開始,在頒佈了十條誡命後,神又陸續地頒佈很多具體的實踐條例,這些具體的條例可以延伸到整個摩西五經。後來在猶太人的傳統中發展出更多的實踐條例和解釋,我們稱為“他勒目”,或“米示拿”。這些具體的執行條文,可以分為敬拜律(愛神)和道德律(愛人)兩類。敬拜律是以色列人敬拜的禮儀,應守著的節期,相當重要地呈現於我們與神的關係;道德律則是著重在每一天的生活中,即在與人的相處上(愛人)應有的表現。我們透過“愛人”來表達對神的愛,因為這是神的心意。遵守神讓我們“愛人”的命令,是愛祂最具體的表現。愛人是愛神的重要表現;也就是說,敬拜的重要表現應該體現於道德上。

這些具體條例的意義是:在特定的處境中,教導我們如何實踐愛神愛人;以實例的表達詮釋十誡,以幫助我們知道如何具體地活出十誡的原則。例如“不可殺人”的誡命是對人生命和身體的尊重。在出埃及記21章13節講到,蓄意殺人和過失殺人的處置方式不一樣;如果傷害了身體沒有死,也有具體的規定。再如,遵守節期的基本精神是我們與神關係的具體實踐,來紀念、回應神的恩典。所以要通過除酵節紀念神的拯救,通過收割節和收藏節感謝神的供應。

條文的侷限

但是具體條例通常和情境有關係;當情境改變了,我們還應該完全按照字面來遵守律法的條文嗎?比如,我們今天還應該遵守所有以色列人的節期嗎?現在大多數基督徒不是農民,守收割節用來表達對神的感恩像是隔靴搔癢。我們應該針對自己的處境,用合宜的方式過我們的節期,以體現原本的律法精神。同樣,我們現在不是守星期六的安息日,而是在星期日敬拜,因為耶穌在星期日從死裡復活;這能真正幫助我們認識、經歷並紀念神的恩典。還有我們現在該不該遵守女人聚會要蒙頭的例子呢?

由於不同的時代和發展,對於有一些倫理實踐的課題,我們好像不容易找到相似的條例來作為直接的指導。例如,當時的醫學還達不到墮胎的水平,所以我們不能找到直接的針對墮胎的命令,因此我們必須從倫理的根本教導,也就是神對生命權的觀點,以及生命從何時開始的角度來思考。如果要探討生殖倫理,可不可以作試管嬰兒,則完全不能在聖經中找到直接的實踐教導條例;那我們怎麼辦?倫理實踐的方式是,要探討基本準則的精神和意義,將之應用在我們現今的處境上。例如,我們參加主日崇拜要有一個恭敬和渴慕的態度,而衣著表達了我們的態度。怎樣算是得體的敬拜衣著?15年以前,我在母堂參與中文堂崇拜時,向來穿深色西裝打領帶,連有顏色的襯衫都不敢隨便穿。可當時英文堂的Chuck牧師講道穿著就很不一樣;現在英文部牧師的着裝更是不一而足。後來到波士頓市中心開拓一個專門向留學生和職青傳福音的城區事工,由於借用的教會沒有冷氣,而且我們需要讓年輕人感受到親和力,我自己和司會大部份不穿西裝,而且顏色和領帶也要更年輕一些。這樣的理解和馬太福音6章以及馬太福音的12 章的關係是甚麼呢?

對律法本質的扭曲

在神透過摩西頒佈了律法後,以色列人很認真地將原則發展出不同的具體實踐條文,看起來非常在意律法的實踐;實際上,他們在整個舊約的歷史中是不斷違背律法的,以致於落入一種歷史的循環中⸺背約不遵行律法;被神管教;有先知出來指出他們的錯誤、要他們悔改;悔改之後神又拯救他們,可是不久他們又背約了……這個狀況愈來愈遭糕,神的管教也愈來愈嚴厲;到最後,北國以色列被滅了,南國隨後也被滅了,並被擄到外邦。但是在被擄的過程中,以色列人反而有了一個重要的悔改,並且有大復興;我們從《以斯拉記》、《尼希米記》和《以斯帖記》中可以看出來。然而到了耶穌的時代,以色列人卻走向了另一個極端⸺就是刻意地遵守律法,只是看重的是遵守律法的條文。例如,在馬太福音23章耶穌批評法利賽人遵守律法的方式。他們遵守十一奉獻嚴格到一個地步,作飯時撒三克的香料,一定要同時分出0.3克的香料放在特別的罐子;累積相當時間之後拿去奉獻。我們有這麼嚴格地遵守嗎?保證沒有。可是耶穌也說,遵守條文細到這樣的地步,對律法的根本精神⸺愛、公義、憐憫和信實,反倒忽略了。太在意表面條文的同時卻忽略了、甚至扭曲了律法的精神。耶穌時代的法律賽人好像律法警察一樣,嚴格地監視一般人有沒有遵守律法,心裡卻沒有愛。例如舊約律法有許多飲食的禁忌⸺不能吃豬肉、不能吃龍蝦⸺所以不能吃滷肉飯、回鍋肉,更不能吃叉燒這些美食。一些法利賽人就成為律法警察⸺每天,家家戶戶作晩餐時,他們會躱在人家房子外、廚房邊聞味,看那家那天作菜的味道有沒有聞起來像是豬肉,如果有就強行衝進去查是不是真的豬肉;如果沒有發現,還要嗆聲一句:“給我小心一點。下次讓我抓到你就完了!”看起來為律法的條例熱心,實則完全扭曲了律法的愛、關懷和尊重人的精神。這種作風使得法利賽人成為表裡不一的人⸺外表一付敬虔的樣子,好像外面洗乾淨的杯盤,內心卻充滿各樣的污穢。所以在法利賽人抓耶穌時,他們非常在意不能進彼拉多的辦公室,因為他是外邦人,進去就不潔淨了;但是設計陷害一個無辜沒有罪的耶穌基督卻毫不手軟。

因此在耶穌的時代的以色列人比之前的歷史時期更看重遵守律法。但是在他們的實踐中,律法被扭曲了,律法的棈神也失去了。這就是爲什麼耶穌要強調:我來,不是要廢掉律法,而是要成全⸺要恢愎律法的本質和精神;要從看重律法的具體細節轉變到看重其本質和精神。耶穌“實現”了律法的本質,挑戰當時因遵守條文而忽略本質的現象。因此,我們了解到為甚麼耶穌會去挑戰遵守安息日的條例⸺因為安息日的本意是:紀念神的創造,並且讓我們憑信心過一個身、心、靈都健康的生活。

生活倫理的本質

到此我們詮釋了耶穌並非言行不一;祂沒有干犯律法,反而是成全了律法。我們這些神的兒女像以色列人當年一樣,蒙神拯救、呼召成為天國的子民,實踐神國使命。當我們思考如何活出一個全新的人生、活出美善、活出合神心意的生活方式時,耶穌的榜樣和以色列人的戒鑑是我們要關注並且實踐的。其中最突顯的一點是,我們要分辨生活倫理準則中,甚麼是本、甚麼是末;不要本末倒置,或者捨本逐末。神教導的倫理最根本的精神是本⸺從最根本的愛開始,愛神、愛人,之後是更具體的原則,再後是思考在不同的處境中應該如何具體地作,才能體現精神。具體的條文不是不重要,但是條文的本身不是目的,目的是要體現精神和本質。

如何把聖經中,包括新約倫理教導和舊約的律法,具體實踐出來呢?我們可以查考聖經中有關倫理生活的教導,包括律法,但是不要只停留在表面的字句和條例,而是要透過對聖經的詮釋,從其中回溯條例背後的精神和基本原則,讓我們更了解律法精神,掌握住這些背後所呈現的基本原則,然後用在我們今天的處境中。這是舊約律法條文對我們今天的意義。

經文接下來耶穌用了許多實例來闡述如何以本質和精神為本,而不要被在情境中發展出來的條例所綑綁或扭曲。在耶穌在登山寶訓的教導中,我們認識到,要追求活出一個像神一樣的聖潔生活(太5:48)。這是我們每天生活都應追求的,因為這是神的心意。但是也會面對一個挑戰:我們做不到像天父一樣完全怎麼辦?會使我們失去救恩嗎?其實這無關得救,是得救後基督徒新生活的樣式。我們得救是靠恩典。對恩典的感念使我們樂意地、不含功利地追求活出新生命。當做不到時,我們要回到神的恩典中,求神憐憫、幫助。基督徒的生活,是一個追求活出良善的生活,也是繼續倚靠神恩典的生活。讓我們一起在恩典之路上向前邁進。

作者爲本教會主任牧師。本文基於2023年5月28於新城歸正教會退修會主題講座編撰而成。

整理編輯:邵健

研讀聖經並珍愛其全部價值

⸺評讀經的藝術

周安娜

前言:

今年年初,潘儒達牧師主日講道提到《讀經的藝術:瞭解聖經指南How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth》,引起我求一萍師母。她即借書郵來,並附親筆信。聖靈提醒吾師誠懇勉勵之心,不敢懈怠,日讀5頁隨筆摘記,仍感虧欠,故寫此評,銘感作者及譯者、我們的牧師教師,願有心讀者發掘聖經珍貴的全部價值。

本書出於二位資深聖經學者,教授兼牧師,戈登.費依(Gordon D. Fee, 1934–2022)和道格樂思.史督華(Douglas Stewart,1943– );前者為加拿大維真神學院(Regent College) 新約教授,後者為美國康威爾神學院(Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary)舊約教授;他們曾分別完成由威斯敏斯特 (Westminster Press)出版、廣受歡迎的解經手冊:《新約解經手冊New Testament Exegesis》和《舊約解經手冊Old Testament Exegesis》 。因此,他們攜手合作此書,可視為研經最佳參考。至於二位譯者:魏啟源和饒孝榛夫婦,都是台北中華福音神學院校友兼教授,譯筆流暢;並且,魏啟源主修新約由戈登.費依親自教授,自是譯者最佳人選。總之,在出版的眾多解經書中,像他們這樣嚴肅的聖經學者所著的讀經指南,極少而難找。

概覽:

戈登費和史督華意圖寫出此書,有四個特色:

  1. 瀏覽內容提綱便知,這本書關注構成聖經的各種文體類型及其獨特處。就如研讀詩篇是研讀詩,研讀書信是研讀信。
  2. 他們反覆說明各類型的閱讀原則,同樣智慧地讀出其差別和難點,特別是對於非敘述性經文。
  3. 每章針對不同類型的釋經難點,都提供實例,進行分析。兩位教授都是信徒,注重順服聖經,謹慎而充分地理解。
  4. 作為教授聖經的學者兼講道牧師,因著解經緊迫性催生了此書。他們寫作特別對有應用問題的信徒有幫助,今世教會的緊急問題基本上是釋經和應用上的間隔,需要搭座橋樑,從聖經原文古時的情境,跨越到現代,今日對我們現實生活的意義。

本書內容包涵四部分:

1.  作者意圖提供學生必備基本概念和基礎知識。解釋聖經的必要和基本技能,介紹並比較譯本的差異和選擇。這是頭二章內容。

2.  作者用十章篇幅(3-13章),討論各類文學類型。根據個人專長,費教授寫第1-4,6-8,和13章,史教授寫第5,9-12章。他們都對對方篇章做出相當的貢獻。

3.  他們認為秘訣在於對每種類型提出正確問題,並注意作者在各章中所提供的原則、建議、和幫助。

4.  作為他們對學生的期望,引用奧古斯丁悔改時的一句童言,以資勉勵:拿起來讀(“Tolle, lege”)。聖經是神長存永活之言,所以,我們要研讀,理解、並順從聖經。

筆者認為本書內容結構可分為三部分:

第一部分,緒論:說明解經與釋經的重要性,並概括性介紹關鍵概念。這兩章備好解經基本概念和必要工具。

第1章,緒論:解釋的需要

第2章,基本工具:一本好的譯本 

第二部分,譯本選擇:討論譯本對於解釋聖經所產生的影響,並提供選擇譯本的參考依據。

這第二部分引起筆者注意的問題,反映在原著的2002年第三版和2013年第四版序言,作者將第二章做了大量修改,建議讀者選讀最新第四版,並用NIV譯本,理解閱讀第二章後半的好處。

此外,第四版序言提到過去用NIV1984版聖經,和第四版採用了NIV2011版譯本,是目前集中了福音派學者所做的最佳譯本。反映在2002年第三版序言中,他們感到另外的章節也需要大改,這是因為他們自身的成長,以及外部環境和讀者群的變化。

他們謙卑地承認他們在寫1981年第一版時,二人都出於解經貧乏且不幸常伴有解經錯誤的背景。引起他們大力避免某些謬誤。同時,也震驚於今日對聖經無知的人為數眾多之可怕。因此先關注如何讀好聖經,而不是過去的各種濫用經文。

第三部分,按文體類型介紹解經原則。這部分我花費了最多的時間,對照每處經文實例,寫了必要的詳細學習筆記。

1.書信(第3,4章):學習根據上下文及情境來思考;釋經的問題。

2.舊約敘事(第5章):它們的適當用途。

3.使徒行傳(第6章):歷史先例、歷史教訓

4.福音書(第7章):一個故事,許多方面

5.比喻(第8章):你瞭解重點嗎?

6.律法書(第9章):給以色列人的契約規定

7.先知書(第10章):在以色列執行盟約

8.詩篇(第11章):以色列人和我們的禱告 

9.智慧書(第12章):過去和現在

10.啟示錄(第13章):審判與希望之意象

          附錄: 註釋書的評估與使用

           英文聖經譯本的縮寫和中譯名 

綜論:

這本少見暢銷解經書,已發行40多年。所評聖經導讀:解經原則(第三版,1981)(簡體),及原著 How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth(4th Edition,2013)。它概述聖經各書卷的主要文體類型,並闡述不同類型的解經原則及應用。比如詩不同於散文,比喻不同於歷史。即使同為福音書,對同一事件如了解不同敘述,如何了解更得當。每章都提供實例分析,幫助讀者切實學會解讀聖經。附錄《註釋書的評估與使用》有助得到相應書卷的主要註釋書。筆者願將這少有的佳作薦與讀者。一讀就因其實用價值,購來原著(第四版,2013)對照讀340頁,摘錄50頁。開始欣賞新法研讀,更深入去明白神的話,更多享受神的話中的愛,更認識主,來敬拜服事愛我們的主和主所愛的人。

作為一個認真的讀者和實行者,我感覺本書解明應用的難點略顯不足,然而相當重要,體恤到作者年事已高,未得機會進一步解釋,用意猶有未盡之處:莫作教義代十架福音的部分。比如: 詩篇,箴言,傳道書,以及雅歌等經文,不適合用作福音教義。他們或許意識到,未得機會進一步闡述,如前在第三版序言提及,有過經文濫用,但不如強調怎樣讀好聖經。

最後,請容我用戈登費老師的一段文字來結束此書評:作為燃燒的新約學者,他認為閱讀聖經是一個與神相遇的過程。他寫道:當我們帶著無法言喻的驚嘆坐在神前,註解聖經會碩果累累,我們須用心聆聽這些話,沉浸在神的榮耀中,必對神豐盛的榮耀無比敬畏,我們必再思這奇妙可畏之事:在基督耶穌裡,這些財寶也是我們的,我們就必敬拜這位永生神,必稱頌祂的榮耀。

作者:屬愛主團契

責任編輯:陳一萍

讀者回應:《讀經的藝術》為不可多得的讀經伴侶(潘瀾)

《讀經的藝術》對我認識聖經的影響之大,言語難以形容。例如第九章總結基督徒如何理解並應用舊約律法的12條準則,警戒錯誤應用經文造成的律法主義禁錮,幫助基督徒認識到在神的家中應存兒女的心,而不是奴僕的心(羅8:15)。

我同意書評作者對聖經譯本和書的版本的觀點。本書原著初版於1981,再版1993,三版2003,四版2014。台灣華神1999年出版的《讀經的藝術》基於二版。上海人民出版社在2011年出版基於第三版的更新譯本《聖經導讀:解經原則》,在魏啓源、饒孝榛兩位譯者之後增加了第三位譯者王愛玲。第四版的英文前言中說,從2003到2014 短短10多年之間,不僅書中不少參考書需要更新,也結合了新的新國際英語譯本(NIV 2011),並強調讀經像讀書,不注重標出的數字章節,而是鼓勵讀者將一部書一氣呵成讀完。因為作者也是NIV各譯本的主要編輯,所以他們把《讀經的藝術》的原則也用聖經譯本翻譯過程中。

我覺得把《讀經的藝術》定位為“聖經導讀”或者“讀經伴侶”比較合適。一般概念上的解經書,可能會讓普通讀者有敬而遠之的感覺。雖然此書從廣義上說,接近釋經的範疇(經文給讀者的信息)而不是解經(解釋經文的意思),把它定義為釋經學著作也會讓人誤解只是神學家感興趣的事,和一般信徒沒什麼關係。其實此書的最大貢獻,就是把一些常人無從下手的內容用淺顯易懂的方式解釋出來。所以無關乎“解經”和“釋經”的異同,以“聖經導讀”或者“讀經伴侶”稱呼此書似乎更符合作者的本意。

《讀經的藝術》有完整的線上教學課程,不少教會也以此作為讀經入門的主日學教材。願主能夠讓藉此書更好裝備CBCGB信徒,讓我們正確理解神藉著聖經向當代人所傳達的信息,使我們在多變的世代走在神不變的旨意中。

Read the Bible to Cherish Its Whole Value

—Reflecting  “How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth”

Anna Zhou

It originated from the Sunday Sermon of January 9, 2023. Rev. Juta Pan mentioned the Bible study reference: How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth by G. D. Fee and D Stewart (“How to”).  His sermon provoked me to ask Mrs. Irene Chang for help. She borrowed the book from the church library and mailed it with a hand-written letter.  The Spirit’s reminder of my teacher’s encouragement in sincerity had been with me every so often, so I would not dare to be lazy. I read about 5 pages per day with notes after my daily Quiet Time. As I finished its 300+ pages, yet still felt in debt. Thus, I have decided to write this short review to express thanks to its authors and translator, our pastor and teacher, wishing to share the book with readers for them to discover the treasure, seeking the scripture for all its worth.

The book “How to” was authored by Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stewart. Both are well-known senior Bible scholars, professors and pastors. Gordon D. Fee New Testament Professor of Regent College, Canada. His publications: Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students; New Testament A Handbook for Students and Pastors;  Chief Editor: New International Commentary On the New Testament; Paul’s Letter to the Philippians (NICNT);1 and 2 Timothy, Titus (NIBC).

Co-author: Douglas Stewart, Old Testament Professor of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. His publications: Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students, Hosea-Jonah Word Biblical Commentary, Word Biblical Themes Hosea-Jonah, Ezekiel. Communicator’s Commentary, A Guide to Selecting and Using Bible Commentaries.

Overview:

The two authors wrote two widely accepted Bible manuals “New Testament Exegesis” and “Old Testament Exegesis published by Westminster Press”. They co-authored this book and it should be regarded as the most valuable reference for Bible study. Two translators Wei and Rao are fluent writers. The former was once the author’s student majoring in New Testament study, so would be the choice of the translator.  Among numerous published Bible literature, one could hardly find some good ones authored by serious Bible scholars like them.

The authors intended the book “How to” to feature four aspects:

  1. As one may note from a glance at the table of contents, the basic concern of this book is the understanding of different types of the literature (genre) that make up the Bible. It is to help the readers read and study the Psalms as poems, and the Epistles as letters.
  2. They have repeatedly given guidelines for studying each type (genre) of Scripture.  They are equally concerned with the intelligent reading of the Scripture to help the readers appreciate these differences so that they can aid intelligently and profitably the non-narrative parts of the Bible.
  1. Each chapter gives examples for analysis on the tough points, according to respective literature types. The two professors are believers, who think we should obey the biblical texts and have great desire to understand as carefully and as fully as possible what it is that we are to know about God and his will in the 21st century.
  2. The great urgency that gave birth to this book is hermeneutics; they wrote especially to help believers wrestle with questions of applications.  Many of the urgent problems in the church today are basically struggles with bridging the hermeneutical gap with moving from “then and there” of the original text to the “here and now of our own life settings”.

The content of this book contain three parts:

  1. The authors intended to provide students with basic concepts and knowledge of hermeneutics with necessary and basic skill sets to interpret the Bible, with introduction and comparison of different translation versions. These are the contents of the first two chapters.  
  2. They used the next ten chapters, Ch. 3 to 10, to discuss individual literature types of the scripture. Based on their respective expertise, Gordon Fee wrote the Chapters 1-4, 6-8, and 13. Douglas Stewart the Chapters 5, 9-12.
  3. They thought the secret is to raise the correct questions, according to each literature type, paying attention to the principles, suggestions and helping points, provided by the authors in individual chapters.

For their encouragement to students, they quoted the words of the child that moved Augustine to read a passage from Romans at his conversion experience, they say, “Tolle, lege”, i.e  “Take up and read.” The Bible is God’s eternal living Word. Read it, understand it, and obey it.

Its content structure contains three parts:

Part I. Introduction: Explain the importance of the exegesis and the hermeneutics. And, generally introduce some key concepts.  These two chapters are preparing basic concepts and essential tool boxes.

Ch.1. Introduction: The Need to Interpret the Scripture
Ch. 2. The Basic Tool: A Good Translation

Part II. On Choosing A Translation: Discussions to help students choose a translation, and the authors gave their suggestion that the current NIV (2011), a committee translation by the best scholarship in the evangelical tradition is as good a translation as you can get.  Reflected in the third preface, they felt other chapters needed some overhaul as well. This reflected their own growth and what they perceived to be a change in the climate and makeup of the readership over the past two decades. They were humbled about their background where poor interpretation of Scripture was unfortunately a frequent phenomenon. That caused them in some chapters to lean heavily toward how NOT to read certain genres. Their sense is that many of today’s readership know less about these poor ways of “doing Bible”, in part because we are also going through a period where we find a frighteningly large number of people who, by and large, are biblically illiterate. So in some chapters , they changed decidedly toward how to read well, with less emphasis on the ways texts were abused in the past.

Part III. Introduction: The Principles of Interpreting the Scripture, according to its Literature Type. In Part III much time was spent to take study notes of individual scripture examples, needed in detail, in the past several months. Briefly, it divided in 10 sections:

  1. The Epistles (Ch.3,4): Learning to Think Contextually;The Hermeneutical Questions
  2. The Old Testament Narratives: Their Proper Use
  3. Acts (Ch.6) : The Question of Historical Precedent
  4. The Gospels (Ch.7): A Story Many Dimensions
  5. The Parables (Ch.8): Do you Get the Point
  6. The Laws (Ch.9): Covenant Stipulations for Israel
  7. The Prophets (Ch.10): Enforcing the Covenant in Israel
  8. Psalms (Ch.11): Israel’s Prayer and Ours
  9. Wisdom (Ch.12): Then and Now
  10. Revelation (Ch.13): Images of Judgment and Hope

Appendix: The Evaluation and Use of Commentaries

Scripture Index and Names Index

Summary: 

This book “How to” the Bible reading guide is among the best sellers for over four decades. It outlines different types of literature. It explained individual type’s interpreting principles and applications.  Poetry reading differs from prose. Even reading the Book of Gospel, how we should properly understand the same story in some different narrative. Each chapter provided a real example’s analysis, to help readers to really learn how to interpret the Scripture, Appendix: The Evaluation and Use of Commentaries helps to get the important reference for each Bible volume. I am eager to recommend this outstanding book to readers. Once I read the first few pages, I ordered its original English version, the 4th edition published in 2013. The 4th edition has sold out nearly a million copies since.  I completed reading it with 50-page notes in a few months. I really enjoy studying the Bible with new ways to go deeper in understanding God’s Word in love, for knowing Him better to worship and serve our Lord and His beloved.

As a serious reader and practitioner, I felt that the book explains difficult points somewhat insufficiently but rather significantly. Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon-these books may not be used as gospel doctrine, as the scripture abuse was mentioned in the 3rd preface. I realized that the authors had sensed that and but not yet got the chance to elaborate, considering his senior age with extremely heavy responsibilities. 

Finally, please allow me to end this book review with Gordon Fee’s writing. As a New Testament scholar on fire, he believed Scripture was an encounter with God. He wrote, “We bring our exegesis to fruition when we ourselves sit with unspeakable wonder in the presence of God, we must hear the words with our hearts, we must bask in God’s own glory, we must be moved to a sense of overwhelming awe at God’s riches in glory, we must think again on the incredible wonder that these riches are ours in Christ Jesus, and we must then worship the living God by singing praises to His glory.” 

Reader Response: “How to Read the Bible” Is An Excellent Bible Reading Companion (Lance Pan)

“How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth” impacted my understanding of the Bible beyond description. For example, in Chapter 9 the authors offer a 12-point summary of the dos and don’ts when Christians seek to understand the Old Testament law. These practical principles help us ward off legalism stemming from erroneous applications of Scriptures, and let us realize that through the Holy Spirit we are adopted to sonship in God’s family, and not as slaves living in fear (Romans 8:15).

 I agree with the reviewer’s views on Bible translations and the book’s editions. The first edition of the book was published in 1981, republished in 1993, the third in 2003, and fourth in 2014. 讀經的藝術, published by CES in 1999, was based on the second edition. In 2011, Shanghai People’s Publishing House published an updated translation titled 聖經導讀:解經原則 based on the third edition and adding a third translator, Wang Ailing, after the two translators Wei Qiyuan and Rao Xiaozhen. The preface to the fourth edition (English) states that in just over 10 years from 2003 to 2014, in addition to an updated bibliography, it incorporated the new International Version 2011 English Translation of the Bible. The authors stress their preference for reading the Bible like any other book, which is to ignore chapter and verse references and read through a whole book in one setting. As a member of the translation committee for NIV, Professor Fee incorporated some of the principles from How to Read the Bible in his translation process.

I find it appropriate to refer to the book as a “Bible Reading Guide” or a “Bible Reading Companion.” Biblical Interpretation of Biblical Exegesis sounds out of reach for ordinary readers. Although in a broad sense it is closer to the realm of hermeneutics (what the text means to the contemporary reader) rather than exegesis (the text’s original meaning), calling it a work of hermeneutics may also create an impression that it is a tool only for theologians and preachers, not lay believers. Since its greatest contribution lies in its plain language explanations of hard-to-understand concepts, calling it a reading guide or companion seems to be more in line with the authors’ original intent.

 A complete course material on “How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth” is available online. Many churches use it as a Sunday school textbook in introductory Bible teaching classes. May the Lord use it to equip CBCGB members, so that we may understand how God conveys His unchanging message of truth and love to the changing world.

禱告詞 (34)

李逸先

親愛的主
我們要時時稱頌祢的名
讚美祢的話必常在我們口中
我們的心稱耶和華為大
一同高舉祂的名
謙卑人聽見就要喜樂。
感謝主祢的應許從不改變
從亙古到永遠
祢都與那心裡相信
口裡承認耶穌基督是主的人同在
祢豐富的供應必圍繞我們。
但我們時常軟弱
忘卻了祢與我們同在
忘記了祢總是在看顧我們、保護我們
就像那以色列人出埃及時
日間雲柱,夜間火柱
祢總不離開祢的百姓的面前
當我們遭遇眼前的逆境時
我們時常懷疑、甚至抱怨
求主赦免我們這樣小信之人的罪
讓我們不僅在順境中感謝神
在逆境中更是倚靠祢
並誇讚祢的作為。
今天早上我們來到祢的殿中
願祢的靈大大地充滿我們
讓我們在每日崇拜當中
得以更加明白祢的心意
也願祢的話語祢的呼召
能成為我們心中的異象
帶領我們成就祢所預定的事工。
耶和華的名是應當稱頌的
從今時直到永遠!
從日出之地到日落之處
耶和華的名是應當讚美的!

阿們!

關注的焦點

吳英儒

十位窺探迦南的探子

許多孩子都很熟悉以色列十二位首領窺探迦南地的故事。在這個故事中,約書亞和迦勒對神充滿信心,是我們的傑出榜樣。可是,我們當中有多少人能說出其他十個首領的名字呢? 雖然如此,我們仍然可以從他們的失敗中學習功課。

過度準備的戶外遠足

我們當中有很多人喜歡到戶外散步或遠足。至於我,因為是一個宅男,不喜歡風險,所以在開始戶外活動之前,我總是過度計劃和準備。我要規劃路線丶估計所需時間丶檢查天氣丶穿合適的衣服丶帶足夠的物資(水丶食物丶一個小急救箱),而且因為我討厭蚊子,所以還要帶大量的驅蟲劑。準備完這些後,我才會覺得可以開始去戶外。我的最終目標是避免麻煩、能夠安全回家。通常我的計劃都很成功,所以我的妻子稱我為家庭的安全官。

幾年前,我和一位自然專家一起到戶外。我們步行時,他指出了我們周圍樹林裡生活著各種野生動物的證據。他可以告訴我周圍有什麼鳥。他也發現了蛋殼,並知道巢穴就在附近。他知道這些鳥會築什麼樣的巢,也知道往哪裡去尋找。他很快發現了一個藏在樹上的鳥巢,並把它指給我看。我抬頭望向他指的地方,但沒有看見鳥巢,因為我不知道它應該是什麼樣子。他還指出了爪印、巢穴、洞穴、骨頭、蛋殼、羽毛等等,這些是我從未注意的東西,因為我通常被我周圍飛來飛去的蚊子打擾。

屬靈途中享受與主同行

我今天想向每一位提出挑戰⸺我們的屬靈旅途是否像我一樣過度準備,以應對可能面臨的危險和困難呢?或是更像我的自然專家朋友,可以忽略蚊子,並將關注的焦點放在周圍的奇妙生物呢?在我們的生活中,我們會遇到許多困難和危險。這些困難和危險有大有小,但神希望我們不要專注在它們身上。神希望我們在屬靈途中享受與主同行、經歷祂的作為和在讚美中參與祂美好的計劃。神希望我們相信,祂會在整個旅途中保守我們。

在民數記13:1-2節中,神應許要將迦南美地賜給以色列人。派各部落的首領去窺探這片土地是神的主意。神本可直接帶領以色列人進入應許之地,並親自清除其中的居民。 神也可以讓居民變得軟弱無力,祂完全有能力做到,可是卻選擇不做。為什麼神選擇派首領去窺探應許之地呢?祂想讓他們看到什麼?

在民數記13:17-20節中,摩西指示首領們去窺探迦南地並提供報告。首領們花了40天走遍迦南地,對這片土地進行了全面的評估。他們評估了土壤的質量、土地的形成、防禦的強度、社會的結構、居民的數量及其身體特徵。想像一下,僱用12名具有地質學、植物學、農業、社會學、安全、軍事戰略等專業知識的顧問,為期40天,是多大一個項目啊!神不希望我們只是盲目地順服跟隨,祂賦予我們每個人不同的經驗、技能、才能和能力,祂希望我們使用它們來達到祂的目的,並與我們一起實現祂的計劃。

神派遣首領們是因為他們是受人尊敬和有影響力的領袖。他們是公眾人物,這些人並不是盲目追隨他人的人。神希望我們所有人在恐懼和懷疑中,對祂仍然有信心和信靠。神通過派遣首領們出去,讓以色列人看到自己面臨壓倒性困難,從而親眼見證神在賜土地時展現的大能。

忽略神的奇妙作為

我們對神有信心並不表示要放棄我們的智慧、才能或能力。事實上,神為了祂的美好目的,將我們每個人設計成我們現在的樣子。我們常常在生命中忽略神,因為我們沒有看到祂在我們周圍的作為。我們能看到神一直在我們的職業、學術生活、家庭生活、財務、人際關係、甚至我們的娛樂和假期中的作為嗎?當我們看不到神在我們生命中作工時,我們就會輕看神,而誇大我們自己的重要性。人們很容易陷入“靠自己”或“靠神”,而不是“神和我”的思維。

在民數記13:31-33中,探子報告了窺探的結果。 事實上迦南確是神所應許的美好之地,可是探子卻把關注的焦點放在自己的無能上。十二位領袖中有十位在他們的評估中忽略了神。於是他們徹底錯過了機會,不能親眼看到神將如何賜給他們這片土地。

當我聽到別人見證神在他們生命中的作為時,我常心存敬畏;然而,我卻不期待這樣的事情發生在我自己生命中。就像中彩票一樣,總是其他人中獎。別人會告訴我: “如果你不參與,你就贏不了。”我對於神的奇妙作為,也想說同樣的話。“如果你不祈禱,你就不能指望經歷神的作為。”

我認為十個探子的問題,在他們進入迦南四十天之前就已經存在了。這十個探子沒有看到神在他們的日常生活中的作為。他們對神認識不夠,無法明白祂的作為。就像我在大自然散步時,錯過了奇妙生物一樣,這十個探子也不習慣在他們日常生活中看到神的奇妙工作。儘管經歷雲柱和火柱的引導,在埃及的十災,並穿越了紅海,這十個探子仍然無法明白神的作為。

神是超級英雄還是慈父呢?

很多人把神視為超級英雄,在危險來臨的最後一刻,突然挺身而出,拯救世界。然而,在沒有危險的情況下,我們的生活不需要超級英雄。日常的事情我們可以自己處理。只有當遇到麻煩的時候,我們才會跪下、祈禱求幫助 。

神不是超級英雄,而是慈愛的父親。祂關心我們生活的每一個方面。無論我們是否認識到,祂都參與到我們生命中每一個方面。我們慈愛的天父與我們同在。祂引導我們、教導我們、保護我們、供應我們、安慰我們、管教我們。

對你來說,神是怎樣的一位呢?祂是超級英雄,還是慈愛的父親?你只是在危險和麻煩中尋求神,還是在日常生活中也尋求神?你只因大事的禱告得到回應而讚美神嗎?或是你也因神在小事上幫助了我們而讚美祂,儘管我們懶得為這些小事祈禱呢?

天父希望我們依靠祂

神不希望我們像超級英雄一樣遠遠地敬拜他,祂想與我們建立個人關係。祂稱我們為祂的孩子。

作為父母,我們許多人都夢想自己的孩子能夠獨立丶自給自足和成功。我們教導他們要自力更生,成為對社會有貢獻的成員。我們期待著人生的空巢階段,那時我們的孩子可以建立自己的家庭,並能夠滿足自己的需要。

然而,天父對我們的渴望與我們對孩子的渴望相反。我們的天父希望我們回到祂身邊,並學習越來越依靠祂。十個探子的失敗是因為他們沒有學會依靠神。他們只相信自己的能力。他們看不到神能做什麼。因此,他們拒絕了應許之地,而是想回到埃及以前的生活。

懷疑對比信靠

在民數記14:1-4中,十個探子的不信很快就在以色列人中傳播開來。他們害怕巨人,懷疑自己的能力,他們也懷疑神的應許和能力。他們想要回到埃及做奴隸、過哭泣的痛苦日子,而不是前往流奶與蜜之地。他們對神缺乏信心和信靠,阻礙了他們更親近慈愛的天父,並接受祂的保護和美好的禮物。

在民數記14:5-9中,只有摩西、亞倫、約書亞和迦勒以對神的信心和信靠來回應。但在第 10節中,叛亂已經開始,人們準備用石頭打死神任命的領袖。

當我們在危險之中時,恐懼和懷疑是自然的反應。它們是幫助我們的一種生存本能。恐懼和懷疑有它們的用處。沒有恐懼和懷疑,信仰和信靠就沒有必要。然而,當尋求神時,儘管有恐懼和懷疑,我們仍需以信心和信靠作超自然的回應。這與異想天開或遐想不同。我們對神的信心和信靠必須基於在對祂的了解上,包括祂是誰、祂能做什麼及祂已成就了什麼。我們對神的信心必須符合神的個性和應許。

因為恐懼和懷疑是自然的反應,很快就在以色列人中傳播開來,就像把一根點燃的火柴扔進乾燥的灌木叢中一樣。小火焰很容易燃燒乾燥的灌木叢,並迅速蔓延成不受控制的野火。這裡的教訓是我們都必須非常小心地處理自己的恐懼和懷疑。

當我們與他人分享我們的恐懼和懷疑時,我們是否在尋求觀點和鼓勵呢?或是希望別人驗證和確認這些恐懼和懷疑呢?我們是否希望其他人也有同樣的恐懼和懷疑呢?就像我們應該防範閒話和誹謗一樣,我們在與他人分享時也需要非常小心。十個探子傳播的恐懼和懷疑應該是一個對我們很好的警醒。

另一方面,對神的信仰和信靠並不是一種自然的反應。信仰和信靠需要有意識的操練、鼓勵和培育。信仰和信靠就像受控燃燒,目的是清除野火的潛在危險因素,鼓勵新的生長,並促進現有森林的整體健康。那麼,當面對逆境時,我們是否讓它像野火一樣失控地燃燒呢?或者我們允許神用它來清除我們枯死的灌木叢,以便我們的信仰變得更堅強、更健康呢?

民數記14:17-19節提醒我們,神不輕易發怒,有豐盛的慈愛,並且赦免罪惡和叛逆。當我們的恐懼和懷疑取代了對神的信心和信靠時,我們需要悔改並尋求寬恕。然而,我們也被提醒,神是公義而聖潔的,祂不會讓有罪者逍遙法外。在民數記的這兩章中,以色列人不信的後果就是四十年的曠野漂流。

審視自己和教會

我們需要審視自己和教會。你看到了什麼?好事和壞事難道只是隨機事件嗎?生活就是這樣發生的嗎?你關注的焦點是什麼?在你的屬靈旅程中,你是否被靈裡的巨蚊弄得心煩意亂?或是你能夠超越它,看見並讚歎神的奇妙作為呢?你能每天看到祂對我們的愛和關懷嗎?

內心的態度非常重要

我們的回應、作為或不作為確實很重要,但更重要的是我們內心的態度。它非常重要,因為這是我們的天父所看到和關心的。我們很難將我們的回應和其因果聯繫起來,因為神以及祂的計劃比我們的理解大太多。神有祂自己的時間。我們的生活彼此交織在一起,我們缺乏理解,並不意味著神不在我們生命中的大事和小事上掌權。祂關心祂的子民,並在祂的子民中間同在。我們是祂的家人。我們的全能神不是超級英雄,也不是缺席的父親。

本文作者吳英儒 (Tony Ng) 為CBCGB兒童事工主任。此文乃基於吳英儒於2023年7月23日的主日講道 “What Are You Looking At?”,經整理和翻譯而成。

英譯中:潘文丶楊曦文
整理編輯:楊曦文

What Are You Looking At?

Tony Ng

Ten Other Spies Who Saw Canaan

Many children are familiar with the story about the twelve leaders who spied out the promised land of Canaan. In the story, Joshua and Caleb are standout examples of people who trusted and had faith in God. However, how many of us can name one of the other spies? Despite this, we can still learn from their examples.

Over-planning for Nature Walks

Many people enjoy nature walks. However, I am a risk-averse indoor person. Before an outdoor walk, I tend to over-plan and over-prepare. I would map out the route, estimate the time needed, check the weather, wear suitable clothing, and bring several supplies (water, maybe some food, a small first aid kit). Because I hate mosquitoes, I would also bring plenty of bug repellent. After lots of planning and packing, I would finally feel ready for the great outdoors. My ultimate focus is to avoid mishaps and return home safe and sound. My planning is often successful so my wife calls me the family’s safety officer.

Years ago, I went on a short walk with a nature expert. As we walked, he pointed out evidence of all kinds of wildlife living in the woods among us. He listened to the bird calls and told me what kind of birds they were. He found egg shells and knew that nests were nearby. He knew what kind of nests these birds built and knew what to look for. He quickly spotted a nest hidden in a tree and pointed it out to me. I looked up to where he was pointing but I failed to see it because I did not know what it looked like.

He also pointed out paw prints, nests, dens, bones, egg shells, feathers, and much much more. Things that I never noticed before because I’m usually preoccupied with the mosquitos flying around me.

I would like to challenge us to apply the same metaphor to our spiritual journey. Are you more like me who tend to over-plan and over-prepare so that you would not have to deal with the dangers and obstacles you may face? Or, are you more like my nature expert friend, who can look past the mosquitoes and enjoy the amazing wildlife usually hidden from us?

God’s Fellowship in Our Spiritual Journey

In our lives, we face many spiritual obstacles and dangers. Some are minor while some are monumental. But God desires for us to not focus on these obstacles and distractions. Our spiritual journey is to enjoy the fellowship we have with our Creator, to see His handiwork, and to sing His praises as we take part in His good plans. God wants us to trust Him to take care of us throughout our journey.

Why God Sent Spies to Canaan

In Numbers 13:1-2, God promised to give the Israelites the good land of Canaan. It was God’s idea to send leaders from each tribe to spy out the land. God could have just led the people into the promised land and cleared out its inhabitants by Himself. Or, God could have made the inhabitants weak and feeble. God is more than capable of doing that. However, He chose not to do it that way. Why did God choose to send leaders to spy out the promised land? What did He want them to see?

In Numbers 13:17-20, Moses instructed the leaders to spy out the land and to give a report. They spent 40 days throughout Canaan to make a full assessment of the land. They assessed the quality of the soil, the formation of the land, the strength of the defenses, the structure of their society, the number of the inhabitants and their physical attributes. Imagine hiring twelve consultants with expertise in geology, botany, agriculture, sociology, security, military strategy and more for a period of 40 days. What a huge undertaking that would be. God does not want us to just submit and follow Him blindly. He gives each of us different experiences, skills, talents, and abilities. He wants us to use them for His purposes. God wants us to fulfill His plans with Him.

God sent these spies because these were leaders who held positions of respect and influence. They were public figures. These were not people who would just blindly follow others. God desires from all of us faith and trust in Him amidst our fears and doubts. Despite being leaders, God desired the same from the spies. By sending the spies out, and letting them see the overwhelming odds against them, God provided the Israelites an opportunity to witness His power in full display when He gives them the land.

Failing to See God’s Handiwork

Faith in God does not require us to put aside our intelligence, our talents, or our abilities. In fact, God designed each of us to be the person we are for His good purposes. We often overlook God in our lives because we fail to recognize His handiwork all around us. God is constantly working in our professional or academic life, our home and family life, our finances, our relationships, and even our recreation and vacations. When we fail to see how God is actively working around us, we minimize God while exaggerating our own significance. It’s easy to fall into thinking in terms of “me or God” instead of “God and me”.

In Numbers 13:31-33, the spies reported back. Indeed, Canaan was a good land as God had promised. However, they focused on their own inabilities. Ten out of twelve leaders omitted God from their assessment. Thus they totally missed out on the opportunity to see how God was going to give them the land.

Often, I am in awe when I hear testimonies of God performing miracles in the lives of others. However, I seldom expect similar miracles in my own life. Like winning the lottery, winning only happens to other people. People would tell me, “you can’t win if you don’t play.” I would like to say the same about God’s miracles. “You can’t expect to experience God’s miracles if you don’t pray.”

I would contend that the problem with the ten spies existed before their 40 days in Canaan. The ten spies failed to see God working in their everyday lives. They did not know God well enough to recognize His handiwork. Like me missing out on the wonders of the wildlife on my nature walks, these ten spies were not accustomed to seeing the wonder of God working among them in the common and mundane parts of their daily lives. Despite surviving ten plagues, led by pillars of smoke and fire, and crossing the Red Sea, the ten spies were unable to see God working up close and personal.

Who is God to you?

Many people only see God as a superhero who would swoop in when there is danger to save the day at the very last moment. However, in the absence of danger, we go about our lives without the need for a superhero. We can handle the daily stuff by ourselves. Only when trouble arises, we will send out the signal for help by falling to our knees and praying for help.

God is not a superhero but a loving Father. He cares about every aspect of our lives. He is involved with every aspect of our lives whether we can recognize it or not. Our loving Heavenly Father lives with us. He guides, teaches, protects, provides, comforts, disciplines, and so much more.

Who is God to you? Is He a superhero or is He a loving Father? Do you only seek God in the midst of danger and trouble or do you also seek God in the mundane daily activities of your life? Do you only praise God for the big answered prayers? Or do you also praise God for providing all the small things that you didn’t even bother praying for?

Depending on God

God does not want us to worship Him from afar like a superhero. He wants a personal relationship with us. He calls us His children.

As parents, many of us dream for our children to become independent, self-sufficient, and successful. We teach them to stand on their own two feet and be contributing members of society. We look forward to the empty nest stage of life when our children start their own homes and can provide for their own needs.

However, the desire of our Heavenly Father for us is opposite of our desire for our children. Our Heavenly Father desires us to return home to Him and learn to become more and more dependent on Him.

The ten spies failed because they did not learn to depend on God. They trusted only their own abilities. They could not see what was possible with God. Therefore, they rejected their promised home and instead wanted to go back to their former lives in Egypt.

Dwelling in Fear vs Responding in Faith

In Numbers 14:1-4, the faithlessness of the ten spies quickly spread among the people. They feared the giants and they doubted their own abilities. They also doubted God’s promise and His power. They wanted to turn back to the bitter days of crying and weeping in slavery in Egypt instead of going forward the land of milk and honey. Their lack of faith and trust in God prevented them from drawing closer to a loving Father and receiving His protection and His good gifts.

In Numbers 14:5-9, only Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and Caleb responded with faith and trust in God. But in verse 10, rebellion had already set in and the people were ready to stone their God appointed leaders.

In the midst of danger, fear and doubt are natural responses. They are survival instincts that help us live another day. Fear and doubt have their purposes. Without fear and doubt, faith and trust would be unnecessary. However, when seeking God, we need to respond supernaturally with faith and trust in Him despite having fear and doubt. This is not the same as simple wishful thinking. Our faith and trust in God has to be based on knowing who He is, what He can do, and what He has done. It has to be consistent with God’s character and His promises.

Fear and doubt is a natural response. It doesn’t take much for them to quickly spread among people like throwing a lit match into dry brush. A small flame can easily consume the dry brush and quickly spread to become an uncontrolled wildfire. The lesson here is that we must all be very careful with how we handle our own personal fears and doubts. Extreme caution must be exercised.

When we share our fears and doubts with others, are we seeking perspective and encouragement? Or are we seeking validation and affirmation of those fears and doubts? Do we want others to share our fears and doubts? Similar to how we should guard against gossip and slander, we need to be very careful when sharing with others. The spread of fear and doubt by the ten spies should be a warning for us.

On the other hand, faith and trust in God is not a natural response. Faith and trust needs to be intentional, practiced, encouraged, and nurtured. Faith and trust is like starting a controlled burn with the purpose to clear potential hazardous fuel for wildfires, to encourage new growth, and to promote the overall health of the existing forest. So when faced with the flames of adversity, do we allow it to burn out of control like a wildfire? Or do we allow God to use it to clear away dead brush so that our faith might grow stronger and healthier?

In Numbers 14:17-19, we are fortunately reminded that God is slow to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sins. When our fears and doubts overcome our faith and trust in God, we need to repent and seek forgiveness. Unfortunately, we are also reminded that God is just and holy who does not leave the guilty unpunished. In these two chapters in Numbers, the consequence to the faithlessness of the Israelites is 40 years of wilderness wandering.

Examining Our Lives and Our Church

We need to examine our own lives and the life of our church. What do you see? The good and the bad – are they just random events? Is this just how life happens? What’s your focus? On your spiritual walk, are you distracted and worried about the giant spiritual mosquitoes buzzing around? Or are you able to see beyond that and be amazed by the wonders of God’s handiwork? Can you see daily evidence of His love and care for us?

Our Heart Attitude Matters

Our responses, actions or inactions do matter but even more importantly the attitudes of our hearts. They matter because this is what our Heavenly Father sees and cares about. It is hard to correlate between the causes and effects of our responses. God and His plans are much bigger than our limited understanding. His timing is His own. Our lives are intertwined with each other. Our lack of understanding does not mean that God is not in control of the big things as well as the small things in our lives. He cares and He lives among His people. We are His family and our Almighty God is not a superhero nor is He an absent father.

Tony Ng is the Director of Children’s Ministries at CBCGB. This article is based on Tony’s sermon at CBCGB on July 23, 2023.

Edited by Hei Man (Grace) Yeung

編者語(34)

邵健

今年暑期孩子們完成了一個小心願⸺我們領養了兩隻小貓咪。有一天,我看見小貓咪在貓砂盆裡上完了廁所之後,仔細地、頗用心地埋了起來,然後就快樂地跳出去玩了。我之後如常、一天幾次地把牠們埋起來的便便再挖出來鏟到垃圾桶裡,給牠們留下乾淨的貓砂。小貓也許覺得牠們已經盡了自己的責任⸺每次上完廁所都埋好;或許牠們並不知道背後有人每天都在幫助維護清潔,使牠們有個衛生的生活環境。貓咪雖然可以不知道,我們卻要知道⸺聖經告訴我們,是主天天替我們背負著重擔(詩68:191);在我們每日自以爲辛勤、奮力勞作的成果背後,卻是主在厚賜、維持著我們的一切;而我們所做的,只不過是像小貓咪“埋起來”一樣的表面工作。

主偉大的恩典我們誠然無法報答,但感恩與讚美的敬拜,是我們每日與主相見的禮物。每一期的《心版》季刊都是我們感恩與讚美的專輯。這一季剛好覆蓋整個夏天。由於麻薩諸塞州寒冷的冬季,略顯短暫的夏季尤其寶貴。一個明顯的特徵就是,這一期我們收到了許多色彩斑斕的教會、團契活動照片。這些照片定格我們在世上生活的片段,不但可供將來對青春的回憶,更是對靈裏面新生命成長的記錄。

牧者心欄目《關注的焦點》一文通過以色列十二位首領窺探迦南地的故事中約書亞和迦勒與其他十位首領截然不同的反應,證明不同的關注焦點決定了不同的人生結果⸺焦點在人的恐懼和懷疑,還是在神和祂的計劃。天父願意我們的焦點時刻在於祂,對祂有完全的信心和信靠。《超越文士和法利賽人的義》一文從馬太福音登山寶訓出發,展現天國子民的倫理實踐。

這一期的另一個特色是關於“愛”的文章。首先《基督裡的父愛》通過腓利門書裡使徒保羅父親般的愛,進而引申到天父上帝和耶穌基督對我們更深厚的父愛。兩年前被主接走的弟兄喬寧藉着《好得無比》繼牧者心文章之後再一次鼓勵我們信心的焦點是與主同在、無比之好;他在《留下的愛》中留下的不但是給妻子冀榮姐妹,也是給弟兄姐妹們愛的回憶。《耶穌哭了》與《豈能不愛惜》兩篇短文通過拉撒路復活和約拿的故事提醒我們,不要忘記基督是怎樣地爲我們捨命、神對於世人是怎樣地耐心疼愛。世人只看到聖經中神的公義懲罰,卻視而不見天父晝夜對我們回轉的呼喚。

對吳存仁牧師(暑期神學課程“啓示錄”講員)的訪談記錄在《心的堅守》一文中;其中記錄了吳牧師既艱難卻又無比喜樂的奉獻傳道之路。與主同行欄目中,Sandra姐妹的兩篇見證分享了她屬靈新生命的成長過程和查經心得,是不一樣的真實經歷。靈修筆記中,安娜對《讀經的藝術》一書有較詳細的介紹;潘瀾更是以讀者的角度對本書和書評作了進一步回應。同時參加多個團契聚會的安娜,再一次將她爲衆弟兄姐妹靈裏需要所盡心寫出的《每日導讀》以簡體字登出。書評和導讀都附帶英文版本,以饗英文讀者的需要。

宣教行蹤欄目收錄了兩篇暑期短宣的文章,讓我們瞭解臺灣和洪都拉斯的需要。團契生活中恰巧有兩篇記錄青橄欖夏季聚會的短文,讓我們感受一下團契裏面“火熱的愛”。文藝叢林是讀者不可錯過的欄目,裏面有兩篇優雅的詩作和五篇令人莞爾的漫畫。

不得不提的是新添的“心靈驛站”心理健康專題欄目,並且其中的第一篇文章《創傷與心理健康》通過正視我們對心理健康的需求,也引導我們更加體貼肢體的關愛和神的心意。

本期正值弟兄姐妹,包括多位《心版》同工,頻繁出遊的季節。原本預期內容會有所減少;然而神的預備竟然是異常地豐富。昨日、今日直到永遠,祂的心意總要成全!(來13:82

  1. 詩68:19 天天背負我們重擔的主,就是拯救我們的神,是應當稱頌的! ↩︎
  2. 來13:8 耶穌基督昨日、今日、一直到永遠,是一樣的。 ↩︎

慕道班服事中的再思

作者:张仲禮,张红芸

2020年是特別的一年,百年不遇的新冠疫情殘酷地奪去百萬人的生命,让世人每天生活得心驚膽顫,嚴重地影響了我們的生活和工作。但細細回顧,在这一切難處中,神的恩典卻越發顯得豐盛,在我們靈裏是豐收的一年——疫情使更多人重思生命的意義、思考永生、回轉歸向神。

回想一年多前,先生仲禮開始接仼在教会的主曰學慕道班服事。因為各種的原因,服事的同工人手缺乏,身為妻子的我看到有这需要只好來幫忙。我們曾經試過邀請團契裏的弟兄姐妹们來幫忙,但大家都在教会服事上身兼數職,無法長期地委身和參與。有一次在我們家有聚餐,我們把同工的需要分享出來,美琴師母就默默地幫助我們聯繫到其他團契的兩個家庭!感謝主感動他們的心,願意一起來參與服事!

慕道班主日學上課的時光

在慕道班服事一段時間後,我发現其中的一些挑戰,如:

1. 學員們流動性大,有不少是路過的訪問學者和年長的阿姨叔叔。前者只是短期的居住,后者因為需要交通接送,所以無法確定固定的聚會;

2. 因為主曰學上課時間是以主題性質為主,所以大部分時間以講員單方面的分享為多,比較缺乏和學員們的互動。聚會完,因為大家都趕著享用午餐或回家去,同工們和學員們也沒有太多機會聊一聊,問候關心他們的近況,不同於平常在團契裏弟兄姐妹們可以常常見面聚會,對屬靈追求和彼此認識有幫助。

同工們為著这些挑戰來開會和禱告,求主給我們智慧。我們就想到可以建立一個微信群,邀請每位學員們加進來,把每節課的信息錄下來放在群裏,鼓勵學員們平常都踴躍地分享有關信仰上的問題;同工們也常常分享信息、詩歌、見證等,從而更多地和學員们互動。我們也效法受洗班“家長式”的關懷,每位同工姐妹關心几位學員,平常和她們保持聯繫、多關心她們的屬靈情況和需要。

因為疫情的原因有三四位姐妹無法按計劃回國。感謝主,在等待的時間让她們有機會更多地來認識真理,其中有陳姐妹、刘姐妹先後決志信主。當時有一位周姐妹聽到她們信主的分享很受感動,就問“我也很想信主,不知道該如何信?”我就在電話里和她分享簡單的基要真理,並邀請她做決志禱告。她說願意,我就領著她在電話裏開口認罪,接受主耶穌進入她的生命中!在禱告的時候,聖靈感動姐妹和我,一邊禱告,一邊眼淚禁不住地往下流——神把領人歸主的喜樂充滿在我的心中!我想到約翰福音4章35節說到“你们岂不說‘到收割的时候還有四个月’吗?我告訴你们:舉目向田觀看,庄稼已经熟了,可以收割了。”

姐妹們这麽渴慕認識神的心,真的讓我非常感動!同時神又感動四五位年長的阿姨們來參加慕道班,有幾位也決志信主。聽到她們的分享才知道,她們信主心路歷程的艱難和不易,真的就像神話語的應許:在末後的曰子,神的靈要澆灌凡有血氣的,從老到少都要來認識祂。(使徒行傳2:17)想到自己因為從小信主,沒有經歷過從不信到信的掙扎,所以我一直不能體會別人信主的艱難。也知道自己的屬靈恩賜不是在傳福音上,最初加入慕道班服事完全是因為缺乏同工想分擔先生的重擔,心裡沒有真正的負擔;但當我親眼看到學員們生命的改變,我的心充滿了感恩和喜樂!我不得不低頭感謝主,為著祂擴張我服事的境界,不僅是為了需要、責任而已,更是把真正的負擔、熱心和服事的喜樂加添給我!

李秀琴阿姨決志,同工們贈送聖經給她

有些決志的姐妹們很快就要回國,無法繼續上受洗班接受跟進。為了更好地鞏固她們的根基,我們就計劃每週多加一次查經聚會,幫助學员們在神的話語中更多認識和成長。本來只是提供給幾位要回去的姐妹們,后來大家的反應很踴躍,我們就用網上的形式開放給每位有心來學習神話語的學員們。感謝讚美主,不少團契同工們感動一起來服事,每週來參加的學員們平均有十多位;很多年長的長輩都非常喜歡,覺得這樣的查經分享對他/她們的屬靈追求很有幫助!已經回國的姐妺們也繼續來參加每週三、週曰的聚會,因時差的關係她們那边雖已是早晨和深夜,但仍然堅持來,她們渴慕追求的心真的讓我太感動了!也提醒在北美自由敬拜的我們更要珍惜在主裏一切寶貴的聚會!

潘伯伯重病從医院安全回家,同工們探訪和帶領他做決志禱告.

我們鼓勵決志的學員們都來參加教會禱告會!仲禮和我對教會禱告會有極大的負擔,從年輕時我們就被鼓勵去參加,從最初的不習慣到越來越享受禱告的甘甜、並經歷禱告的大能!也知道任何屬靈生命的追求應該從初信主就開始來操練,很多學員們心很柔軟都願意來參加。

感謝讚美主!因為祂在我們當中行了大事,在慕道班中行了奇妙的大事,感動人心從老到少、從東到西都來歸向主!也讓我們在其中參與服事的經歷了就像詩歌所描述的“今天的撒種,流著汗水與涙珠,明天必要同歡呼,扛著滿滿的禾捆,忘掉昨曰的痛苦,揚聲讚美不止息!”願我們把一切的榮耀歸於坐在寶座上、得勝又得勝的大君王——主耶穌!

(謝謝同心竭力服事的眾慕道班同工們:曾張健玲師母,楊立功和王公素,湯晔和舒艳群,任德宏,胡曉耘,顏焱華,秦菲)

作者簡介:作者夫婦為青橄欖團契現任召集家庭。

責任編輯:邵健